An open-loop control system is controlled directly and only by one input and has no provision for what?

An open-loop control system operates based solely on the input provided to it, without incorporating any feedback that would allow it to assess or adjust its output based on the actual outcome. This lack of feedback means that the system cannot modify its actions in response to the results it generates, leading to a reliance on predefined inputs and conditions.

The absence of feedback is a defining characteristic of open-loop systems, differentiating them from closed-loop systems, which utilize feedback mechanisms to improve accuracy and performance by continuously monitoring and adjusting the output. Thus, the inability to provide feedback results in a system that cannot make corrections based on performance, which is critical for adaptive and responsive controls.