Which navigation process involves calculating one's current position based on a previously determined position?

The navigation process that involves calculating one's current position based on a previously determined position is known as dead reckoning. This technique relies on the initial position and takes into account the course being traveled, speed, and the time spent on that course to estimate where the navigator is currently located.

Dead reckoning is particularly useful in situations where GPS signals may not be available or reliable, such as in dense urban areas or at sea. By maintaining an accurate record of the directions taken and the distance traveled from a known point, navigators can effectively update their position without the need for external references. This method of navigation is fundamental to different fields, including aviation and maritime navigation, where knowing your course and estimating your position based on prior data is critical for safe travel.